The essence and philosophy along with the methodology of Sankhya yoga (Logical awareness) is explained from the 11th -38th verses of the 2nd chapter. Sankhya yoga looks into the relation between the soul and the body, the unmanifested and manifested and the logical intellectual approach towards understanding the truth of our existence, relating how even within this there can be different levels of evolvement (29 .II)
Then Lord Krishna moves in to explaining how this attained knowledge can be put into practice to be free of the bindings of the chain of Karma. From the
40th-53rd verses of the 2nd chapter he explains Karma yoga(ethics and compassion) which steadies the intellect in equanimity to state of ‘Vairagya’, takes an individual to liberation.
As the answer to Arjuna’s question of equanimity in a person the explanation is given from the 55th -71st verses of the 2nd chapter.
It is not easy to understandingly combine the knowledge of Samkhya into practice of Karma if the person sees these separately and not in continuation. So Lord Krishna goes deeper into the doctrines of Karma yoga in the 3rd chapter pointing to the essence of practice of ‘inaction in action’. As in the 4th chapter the inner guru mentions of how he will protect, as a person will not or human race will not be left out like a raven cloud to shatter in the rise of vices. Through further explanation he is opening our eyes into the cosmic levels of existence and absoluteness. This state makes us to prosper in knowledge and humbleness. Thus every action of living itself becomes the worship and the beautiful ritual of living itself becomes the offering, the sacrifice.
Thus karma yoga leads into Jnana yoga(path of higher knowing) . Maturity to hold this knowledge will ripen it correctly. At this point the teachings go into the practice of Raja yoga (psycho-physiological disciplines) and holding these levels steady with the aid of external practices of moderating the physical and personal nature. The intellect thus held steady the person is able to see and comprehend the unity behind the diversity of creation. He becomes established in meditation, Dhyana yoga (path of meditation). To hold this level Lord Krishna explains the deepest relation between the cosmic energy and cosmic consciousness the science of existence of creation. At this point of the state of realizing the purest of knowledge comes in the practice of the deepest level of
Bakthi yoga(devotion). The awareness moves beyond the living state thus all the impurities are burned into ashes realizing the eternity. Again and again Lord Krishna points back to the knowing and realization of the cosmic science through knowing Prakrithi and Gunas, nature and her qualities, and keeping steady in the levels of cosmic consciousness through purity of individual consciousness, and once again saying how to hold the trust and faith in the path in all its completeness and purity.
The spiritual methodologies mentioned and taught by Yoga in Bagawad Gita is like an answer to any person at any level of their spiritual journey. It is a spiritual framework of personal righteousness and spiritual search within. There is never a mention of competition, comparisons or contradictions that tickles another ego. The doctrine specially says how it’s the duty of the enlightened persons not to disturb the persons yet not on the path of practice (26.III). This is Bagawad Gita, the thought of tolerance coming from deep understanding of the pluralistic nature of existence which the world should value and honor today, tomorrow and ever.
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